2000年8月TOEFL真题

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Section One: Listening Comprehension

1. (A) She doesn’t think the shirt comes in a

bigger size.

(B) She thinks shirt will fit the man.

man.

(D) The bigger sizes are more expensive.

2. (A) She expects the man to have it.

(B) She’s angry with the man for forgetting it.

(D) She’d like the man to return it by tonight.

3. (A) She didn’t buy the ticket.

(B) The ticket was expensive.

cost.

(D) There are still a few tickets left.

4. (A) Eat a bigger breakfast.

(B) Make time for lunch in her schedule.

(D) Change her schedule after she eats lunch.

5. (A) He’s quitting the band for academic

reasons.

(B) He didn’t enjoy being a member of the

band.

the band.

(D) He’s taking time off from his studies to

join the band.

6. (A) His suit is too old to wear.

(B) He doesn’t want to buy new clothes.

(D) He’ll go shopping with the woman.

7. (A) Calculate the bill again.

(B) Refuse to pay the bill.

(D) He’ll go shopping with the woman.

8. (A) Sara rarely makes mistakes.

(B) Sara usually says what she thinks.

(D) The secretary wasn’t hard worker.

9. (A) She’d prefer to see a different type of

movie than a comedy.

(B) She has already finished her research

paper.

man.

(D) She’d like the man to help her with her

research paper.

10. (A) He prefers to work part time.

(B) He wants to change his class schedule.

part-time job.

(D) He doesn’t want to work on campus.

11. (A) She doesn’t think it will snow.

(B) The location of the session has been

changed.

(D) She’ll probably be too tired to walk to the

session.

12. (A) Use bleach on his socks.

(B) Buy new white socks.

(D) Throw away his pink socks.

13. (A) He hasn’t talked to his brother since he

transferred.

(B) He doesn’t think his brother should

transfer.

(D) He hadn’t heard the news about his

brother.

14. (A) Which seminar the woman wants to sign

up for.

(B) If the woman keeps money at the bank.

seminar.

(D) If the woman has taken other classes on

personal finances.

15. (A) He’s used to cold weather.

(B) He expected the weather to be warmer

over the weekend.

October.

(D) He didn’t see the forecast for the

weekend.

16. (A) Leave the art exhibit.

(B) Help the man understand the display.

(D) Call the museum director.

17. (A) He thinks he’s very organized.

(B) He doesn’t want to join the display.

group.

(D) He knows someone who can lead the study

group.

18. (A) He doesn’t know where his brother keeps

his computer.

(B) The woman should buy a used computer.

(D) His brother paid too much for the computer.

19. (A) It’s been to warm to wear the jacket.

(B) The jacket is too big for him.

(D) He didn’t buy the jacket until cooler

weather arrived.

20. (A) He started the semester in a bad mood.

(B) He’s not usually bad-tempered.

(D) He doesn’t like the man.

21. (A) He forgot to cancel the reservation.

(B) They can go to the restaurant after the

woman has finished working.

(D) They don’t have a reservation at the

restaurant.

22. (A) Watch a TV program related to his

project.

(B) Think about taking a less advanced

sociology class.

(D) Reconsider his decision to interview so

many people.

23. (A) Try on a smaller sweater.

(B) Look for another style at a different store.

(D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one.

24. (A) She plans to send a package to Canada.

(B) She doesn’t know the postage for a

package to Australia.

(D) She’ll help the man wrap the package.

25. (A) Send back his food.

(B) Compliment the waiter on the food.

(D) Order something else.

26. (A) She doesn’t speak Spanish very well.

(B) She doesn’t have to study a foreign

language.

test.

(D) She doesn’t remember living in Mexico.

27. (A) He’s taking the next train to Philadelphia.

(B) He has an extra train schedule.

(D) He’s familiar with the train station.

28. (A) He’d like the woman to take his picture.

(B) He’d like to borrow the woman’s camera

this weekend.

woman’s camera.

(D) His camera is smaller than the woman’s

camera.

29. (A) Ask Professor Bell to help the club.

(B) Introduce the woman to Professor Bell.

interests.

(D) Find out which biology classes Professor

Bell teaches.

30. (A) She wasn’t wearing a scarf when she

arrived.

(B) She’ll help the man look for his scarf.

(D) The man didn’t take her scarf.

31. (A) A concert the woman attended.

(B) The man’s collection of CD’s.

(D) An instrument the woman is learning to

play.

32. (A) She lost one of his CD’s.

(B) She didn’t invite him to the concert.

(D) She forgot about a meeting.

33. (A) It does not need to be turned.

(B) It has two sets of strings.

(D) It is played with the hands and feet.

34. (A) A baritone.

(B) Some CD’S.

(D) His class notes.

35. (A) The woman’s house.

(B) The concert.

(D) The music shop.

36. (A) How rocks are eroded.

(B) How sediment hardens into rock.

(D) How minerals are extracted from rock.

37. (A)How rocks are eroded.

(B)How strata are formed in rock.

(C)Why flooding makes geological

investigations difficult.

(D)Which minerals can be found in rock

38. (A)The deposits aren’t made of organic

material.

(B)The deposits aren’t found everywhere in

the world.

(C).The deposits harden under conditions of

heat and pressure.

(D)The deposits don’t form at regular time

invervals.

39. (A) Where fossils are most commonly found.

(B) How a geological discovery was made.

(C).Why rivers flood.

(D)The differences between two geological

periods.

40. (A) A museum exhibition of African baskets.

(B) Changes in basket-weaving.

American baskets.

(D)The development of basket weaving in

one town.

41. (A)Their mothers taught them.

(B)They traveled to Africa.

(C)They learned in school.

(D)They taught themselves.

42. (A)Fruit baskets.

(B)Work baskets.

(C)Baby cradles.

(D)Clothes baskets.

43. (A)They sell them as a hobby.

(B)They make them as a hobby.

(C)They use them on their farms.

44. (A)How insects breed in extreme desert

temperatures.

(B)Different types of beetles.

(C)They send them to museums.

(D)How beetles can defeat a plant’s defense

system.

45. (A)Its resin isn’t poisonous.

(B)It can shoot its resin a great distance.

(C)It leaves have no veins.

(D)It doesn’t need much water to grow well.

46. (A)By severing the veins that carry the

poison.

(B)By eating only the stem of the plant.

(C)By changing the plant’s chemistry.

(D)By eating only at night.

47. (A)Their literary value.

(B)The debate over who wrote them.

(C)The time period in which they were

written.

(D)Why they are still popular today.

48. (A)The Iliad was written after the Odyssey.

(B)The first European poems weren’t written

in Greek.

(C)The poet called Homer wrote the Iliad but

not the Odyssey.

(D)The poet called Homer never existed.

49. (A)The portrayal of the characters in the

poems.

(B)Archaeological findings in Greece.

(C)Research conducted by Milman Parry.

(D)Claims made by ancient Greed authors

about the poems.

50. (A) Other poems written by Homer.

(B) A comparison of modern versus ancient

Creekpoetry.

about Homer.

(D)Poetry by Milman Parry.

Section Two Structure and Written Expression

Time: 25 minutes

1. The gray scale, a progressive series of shades

ranging from black to white, is used in

computer graphics ---- detail to graphical

images.

(A) added

(B) to add

(D) and add

2. By ---- excluding competition from an industry, governments have often created public service monopolies.

(A) they adopt laws

(B) laws are adopted

(D) having laws adopt

3. ---- skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its

body.

(A) Its

(B) That the

(D) The

4. Lenses, ---- are used to correct imperfections in eyesight.

(A) are the forms of glasses and contact lenses

(B) in the form of glasses and contact lenses

(D) glasses and contact lenses may be formed

5. In eighteenth-century North America, printed engravings provided ---- of rococo style.

(A) the most manifestation widespread

(B) manifestation widespread the most

(D) the most widespread manifestation

6. In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skies in winter, ---- coastal fogs or low status clouds are common in summer.

(A) because of

(B) whereas

(D) that

7. On attaining maximum size, ---- by drawing

itself out and dividing into two daughter

amoebas, each receiving identical nuclear

materials.

(A) the reproduction of the amoeba

(B) the amoeba, which reproduces

(D) the amoeba reproduces

8. For the advertiser, one of the greatest appeals of radio is ---- an audience all day long.

(A) that it has

(B) that to have

(D) having it

9. Charles Schulz’s comic strip, “Peanuts,”

features children who make --- about life.

(A) funny, wise statements that

(B) which funny, wise statements

(D) funny but wise statements

10. One of the major rivers of the western United

States, ---- flows for some 1,500 miles from

Colorado to northwestern Mexico.

(A) it is the Colorado River

(B) the Colorado River which

(D) the Colorado River

11. In art, the tendency of gouache colors to

lighten on drying makes ---- a wide range of

pearly or pastel-like effects.

(A) it is possible

(B) possible

(D) it possible the

12. Isabel Bishop was one of many American

artists ---- by the government during the

Depression years on various federal art

projects.

(A) employed

(B) whose employment

(D) had been employed

13. Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly

occur ---- stressed because of drought or other

environmental factors.

(A) as forests that become

(B) in forests become

(D) when forests become

14. To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves

fast enough to ride up on the ice, ---- under its

weight.

(A) so then breaks

(B) when breaks it

(D) for which then breaks

15. Cholesterol is present in large quantities in

the nervous system, where ---- compound of

myelin.

(A) it a

(B) a

(D) it is a

16. Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorful landscapes, the

A B C

Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933.

17. Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and specialized modes of locomotion, and are

A B C

capable of securing ingesting, and to digest food.

18. The cork oak tree has a layer of cork several inches thickness that can be stripped every ten years.

A B C D

19. Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active can be governed by the United States Federal A B C

Reserve’s decision to adjust the supply of money to the economy.

20. Free radicals of oxygen, which common by-products of metabolic processes in the body, are capable A B C D

of causing tissue damage.

21. By 1830 the glass industry in the United States had become too well established that the country no A B C

longer needed to depend on imported glass.

22. Free land, cheaply transportation, and powerfully persuasive railroad advertising all helped flood the

A B

western part of the United States with farmers in the nineteenth century.

C D

23. Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land only

A B C

by shallow water.

24. For a seagoing, cargo-carrying sailing vessels, the clipper ship was remarkably fast.

A B C D

25. Visibly only through large telescopes, Pluto has a yellowish color, which indicates that there is very

A B C

little atmosphere.

26. Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamonds can be cut only by another diamonds.

A B C D

27.The International Monetary Fund was created in a effort to stabilize exchange rates without A B

interfering with the healthy growth of trade.

C D

28. Butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis, them changing from caterpillar to adult via

A B C

one intermediate stage, the pupa.

29. Thousands of meteorite hit Earth each year, but most fall into the sea or in remote areas and are never

A B C D

recovered.

30. Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959, and Hawaii became the fiftieth state lately that year.

A B C D

31. A sponge feeds itself by drawing water through tiny pores on its surface, filtering out food particles, A B

and then expel the water through larger vents.

C D

32. Toward the end of his life, john Singer Sargent returned to the painting of landscapes and the use of

A B C

watercolors, of which he excelled.

33. Pythons differ than most other snakes by having two well-developed lungs rather than a much A B C

smaller left lung or no left lung at all.

34. Weighing among two to five kilograms in adults, the skin is the largest organ of the human body.

A B C D

35. Rodents dwell in various habitat, some species being aquatic, some terrestrial.

A B C D

36. The nectar of flowers are ingested by worker bees and converted to honey in special sacs in their

A B C D

digestive systems.

37. Lucid dreaming, the ability dreamers to become aware of and to control their dreams while

A B C

dreaming, is the focus of some current psychological research.

38. The sensation of sound is produced how vibrations transmitted through the air strike the eardrum.

A B C D

39. The musical tone of an electric guitar is created not by the resonance of the body of the guitar but by

A B C

electronically amplification.

40. Considered one of the most beautiful of the fine art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime

A B C

performed to music.

Section Three Reading Comprehension

Time: 55 minutes

Questions 1-8

Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea

(Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what now the heart of Los Angeles, California.

These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural

Line asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted

(5) before 1875, when undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.

excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site

The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last

30,000 years of the Ice Age.

Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from

(10) invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses. The

creatures found range form insects and birds to giant ground sloth’s, but a total of 17

proboscides (animal with a proboscis or long nose)- including mastodons and

Columbian mammoths- have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest

bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between

(15) 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.

The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms

shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary

animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely

sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and

(20) hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.

As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn.

Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore,

there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are

heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or

(25) months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than

bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating

and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering then dark brown and shiny.

1.What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the

passage mainly discuss?

(A)The amount of asphalt that was mined there

(B) The chemical and biological interactions

between asphalt and animals

there

(D) Scientific methods of determining the age

of tar pits

2. In using the phrase “the heart of Los Angeles”

in line 2, the author is talking about the city’s

(A) beautiful design

(B) central area

(D) supplies of natural asphalt

3. The word “noticed” in line 5 closest in

meaning to

(A) predicted

(B) announced

(D) observed

4. The word “tangled” in line 10 is closest in

meaning to

(A) buried beneath

(B) twisted together

(D) easily dated

5. The word “them” in line 13 refers to

(A) insects

(B) birds

(D) proboscideans

6. How many probosicdeans have been found

at the La Brea tar pits?

(A) 9

(B) 17

(D) 2.5 million

7. The word “concealed” in line 17 is closest in

meaning to

(A) highlighted

(B) covered

(D) contaminated

8.Why does the author mention animals such as

coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?

(A) To give examples of animals that are

classified as carnivores

(B) To specify the animals found least

commonly at La Brea

likely to avoid extinction.

(D) To define the term “scavengers”

Questions 9-19

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the American

colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter.

In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present]

(Line) urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed

(5) to mature urbanism’s in little more than a century.

In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic

Coastline, mostly in what are now New America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic

United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural

because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England, from which

(10 ) most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported

Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities

from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the

favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New

York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities

(15) increased in importance.

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known

as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along

the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the

plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations

(20) maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each

had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In face, one of the strongest

factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water

highway.

When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single

(25) city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people,

and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after

the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing

young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil

War (1861-1865).

9. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in

Europe.

(B) The evolution of cities in North America

European cities

(D)The effects of the United Sates’

independence on urban growth in New

England.

10. The word “they” in line 4 refers to

(A) North American colonies

(B) cities

(D) town economies

11. The passage compares early European and

North American cities on the basis of which

of the following?

(A) Their economic success

(B) The type of merchandise they exported

interior settlements

(D)The pace of their development

12.The Word “accordingly” in line 11 is closest in

meaning to

(A) as usual

(B) in contrast

(D)for that reason

13. According to the passage, early colonial cities

were established along the Atlantic coastline

of North America due to

(A) an abundance of natural resources

(B) financial support from colonial

governments

(D) a favorable climate

14. The passage indicates that during colonial

times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared

which of the following for shipment to

Europe?

(A) Manufacturing equipment

(B) Capital goods

(D) Raw materials

15. According to the passage, all of the

following aspects of the plantation system

influenced the growth of southern cities

EXCEPT the

(A) location of the plantations

(B) access of plantation owners to shipping

residents and city residents

(D) economic self-sufficiency of the

plantation

16. It can be inferred from the passage that, in

comparison with northern, cities, most

southern cities were

(A) imagined

(B) discovered

(D)planned

17. The word “recorded” in line 26 is closest in

meaning to

(A) imagined

(B) discovered

(D) planned

18.The word “drawing” in line 27 is closest in

meaning to

(A) attracting

(B) employing

(D) representing

19. The passage mentions the period following

the Civil War (line28-29) because it was a

time of

(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth

(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade

employment on farms

(D) increased migration from northern states to

southern states

Questions 20-28

During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops

in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate.Com production increased by four

and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor

Line behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of

(5) labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that

cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country.

Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in

general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great

stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force

(10) inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail

themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000

reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.

After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern

agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding

(15) reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and

bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and

after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since

steam-powered threshing machines were costly items-running from $ 1,000 to $4,000

-they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from

(20) farm to farm during the harvest season. “Combines” were also coming into use on the

great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines

—sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses – reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged

it, all in one simultaneous operation.

The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of

(25) agricultural operations in the northern states-allowing farmers to increase vastly

their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery

could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand

methods 50 years before.

20. What aspect of farming in the United States

in the nineteenth century does the Passage

mainly discuss?

(A) How labor-saving machinery increased

crop Production

(B) Why southern farms were not as

successful as Successful as northern farms

(D) The increase in the number of people

farming

21.The word “crucial” in line 3 is closest in

meaning to

(A) obvious

(B) unbelievable

(D) desirable

22.The phrase “avail themselves” in lines 10-11

is closest in meaning to

(A) take care

(B) make use

(D) do more

23. According to the passage, why was the Civil

War a stimulus for mechanization?

(A) The army needed more grain in order to

feed the soldiers.

(B) Technology developed for the war could

also the used by farmers.

would lower the price of grain.

(D) Machines were needed to replace a

disappearing labor force.

24.The passage supports which of the following

statements about machinery after the Civil

War?

(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new

machinery.

(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of

machinery.

increase.

(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of

crop production.

25.Combines and self-binding reapers were

similar because each

(A) could perform more than one function

(B) required relatively little power to operate

(D) required two people to operate

26.The word “they” in line 17 refers to

(A) grain stalks

(B) threshing machines

(D) horses

27. It can be inferred from the passage that most

farmers did not own threshing machines

because.

(A) farmers did not know how to use the new

machines

(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines

machines before farmers did

(D) the machines were too expensive for every

farmer to own

28.The word “ponderous” in line 21 is closest in

meaning to

(A) Advanced

(B) heavy

(D) rapid

Questions 29-39

The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex

maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special

environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of

(5) the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the wold.

In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among

foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women

processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish

that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone,

and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime

(10) life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw

materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular

importance for the native tool than did the fish gathered by the men. Of particular

made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made

from other marine shells.

(15) The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in

by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They

sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used

smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its

own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat,

(20) and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.

After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an

easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and

thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The women also made a

cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by

(25) burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.

29. Which aspect of the lives of the Native

Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the

passage mainly discuss?

(A) Methods of food preservation

(B) How diet was restricted by the

environment

supply

(D) Difficulties in establishing successful

farms

30.The word “unique” in line 2 is closest in

meaning to

(A) comprehensible

(B) productive

(D) particular

31.The word “attained” in line 3 is closest in

meaning to

(A) achieved

(B) modified

(D) spread

32. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the

social organization of many agricultural

peoples is

(A) more complex than that of hunters and

foragers

(B) less efficient than that of hunters and

foragers

(D) better documented than that of hunters and

foragers

33. According to the passage, what is true of the

“division of labor” mentioned in line 5?

(A) It was first developed by Native Americans

of the north Pacific Coast.

(B) It rarely existed among hunting

Americans of the north Pacific Coast

shared with many other peoples.

(D) It provided a form of social organization

that was found mainly among coastal

peoples.

34. The word “abundant” in line 7 is closest in

meaning to

(A) prosperous

(B) plentiful

(D) fundamental

35. All of the following are true of the north

Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they

(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than

other kinds of fish

(B) contributed more materials for tool

making than the men did

from the coast

(D) prepared and preserved the fish

36. The word “They” in line 16 refers to

(A) women

(B) tools

(D) men

37. The Native Americans of the north

Pacific Coast used smokehouses in

order to

(A) store utensils used in food preparation

(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling

(D) prepare elaborate meals

38. The wore “peculiar” in line 19 is closest

in meaning to

(A) strange

(B) distinctive

(D) biological

39. All of following are true of the cheese-like

substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT

that it was

(A) made from fish

(B) not actually cheese

(D) made in a short period of time

Question 40-45

Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial

potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest

technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels.

Line The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care:

(5) often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial:

it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By

careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as

possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up, When a pot is fired.

It loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that

(10) Helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.

Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability

In day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often

A wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored

Slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times. glazes

(15) came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during

high-temperature firing. When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly

until the external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a

round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with

incised or stamped decorations.

(20) Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered with

Fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them

Evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known

As kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve

Carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were

Needed, Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired

Before they were ready for use.

40. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot

making

(B) How early pottery was made and

decorated

potters

(D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric

pottery

41.The word “ meticulously” in line 6 is closest

in meaning to

(A) heavily

(B) initially

(D) completely

42. Which of the following was a process used by

prehistoric potters to improve the texture of

the clay?

(A) Adding temper

(B) Removing the water

(D) Mixing the clay with plastic substances

43.The word “durability” in line 11 is closest in

meaning to

(A) quality

(B) endurance

(D) applicability

44. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to

their vessels in order to do which of the

following?

(A) Improve the appearance of the vessels

(B) prevent the vessels from leaking

(D) Give the vessels a leather like quality

45. Which of the following was a method used by

some potters to give vessels a glossy finish?

(A) Smoothing them with wet hands

(B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions

(D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object

46.The word “incised” in line 19 is closest in

meaning to

(A) designed

(B) carved

(D) painted

47.The word “they” in ling 26 refers to

(A) kilns

(B) firings

(D) cracks

48. According to the passage, the advantage of

kilns over open fires was that the kilns

(A) required less wood for burning

(B) reached higher temperatures

(D) baked vessels without cracking them

49. Look at the terms “temper”(line9),

“glazes”(line14), “kilns”(line23), and

“compounds”(24). Which of these terms is

NOT defined in the passage?

(A) temper

(B) glazes

(D) compounds

50.The passage mentions that when pottery is

fired under burning wood ,the ashes help

(A) prevent the clay from cracking

(B) produce a more consistently baked pot

(D) give the vessel a glasslike finish

2000年5月参考答案

Section 1

BBDBD ACACB DABCC BDAAD CBBDC

CADBD DADCB CAACC CDACD BBACB

Section 2

DBBDB CBDAD CCCAA ADCCD BCABD CCDDB CAADC ADDAC

Section 3

DDCDA CADAB BBDBC CCDAB CBBAA

BCBAB DBDBD AAADB DCBAD CCADD

2000年8月参考答案

Section 1

BDBBA BABCA CABBB ACCAB DDDBC

BDDAD ADBBD ABDBD ABBDB ABDAC

Section 2

BCDBD BDADD BADCD CDBCA BAABA

DBBAD CDABB AACDB

Section 3

CBDAD BBABB DDCDC BCACA CBDCA

BDBCD AACBC ABADB CCBAA BCBDB

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